This segregation was alleged to deprive the plaintiffs of the equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment. In each instance, they had been denied admission to schools attended by white children under laws requiring or permitting segregation according to race. In each of the cases, minors of the Negro race, through their legal representatives, seek the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their community on a nonsegregated basis. They are premised on different facts and different local conditions, but a common legal question justifies their consideration together in this consolidated opinion. These cases come to us from the state of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. In 1954, the United States Supreme Court overturned that decision and ruled unanimously against school segregation. Ferguson that the doctrine of “separate but equal” was constitutional. In 1896, the United States Supreme Court declared in Plessy v.
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